q-Rung Orthopair fuzzy time series forecasting technique: Prediction based decision making

Abstract

<abstract><p>The literature frequently uses fuzzy inference methods for time series forecasting. In business and other situations, it is frequently necessary to forecast numerous time series. The q-Rung orthopair fuzzy set is a beneficial and competent tool to address ambiguity. In this research, a computational forecasting method based on q-Rung orthopair fuzzy time series has been created to deliver better prediction results to deal with situations containing higher uncertainty caused by large fluctuations in consecutive years' values in time series data and with no visualization of trend or periodicity. The main objective of this article is to handle time series forecasting with the usage of q-Rung orthopair fuzzy sets for things like floods, admission of students, number of patients, etc. After this, people can then manage issues that will arise in the future. Previously, there was a gap in determining the forecasting of data whose entire value of membership and non-membership exceeded 1. To fill this kind of gap, we used q-Rung orthopair fuzzy sets in time series forecasting. We also used numerous algebraic components for the q-Rung orthopair fuzzy time series, which has a union, max-min composition, cartesian product, and algorithm that are useful to calculate the method of data forecasting. Moreover, we also defined the algorithm and proposed MATLAB code that facilitates the execution of mathematical calculations, design, analysis, and optimization (structural and mathematical), and gives results with speed, correctness, and precision. At the end, we tested the model using historical student enrollment data and the annual peak discharge at Guddu Barrage. Furthermore, we calculated the error to get an idea of to what extent this method is suitable.</p></abstract>