A discrete mixed distribution: Statistical and reliability properties with applications to model COVID-19 data in various countries

Abstract

<abstract><p>The aim of this paper is to introduce a discrete mixture model from the point of view of reliability and ordered statistics theoretically and practically for modeling extreme and outliers' observations. The base distribution can be expressed as a mixture of gamma and Lindley models. A wide range of the reported model structural properties are investigated. This includes the shape of the probability mass function, hazard rate function, reversed hazard rate function, min-max models, mean residual life, mean past life, moments, order statistics and L-moment statistics. These properties can be formulated as closed forms. It is found that the proposed model can be used effectively to evaluate over- and under-dispersed phenomena. Moreover, it can be applied to analyze asymmetric data under extreme and outliers' notes. To get the competent estimators for modeling observations, the maximum likelihood approach is utilized under conditions of the Newton-Raphson numerical technique. A simulation study is carried out to examine the bias and mean squared error of the estimators. Finally, the flexibility of the discrete mixture model is explained by discussing three COVID-19 data sets.</p></abstract>