Integrated whole transcriptome analysis for the crucial regulators and functional pathways related to cardiac fibrosis in rats

Abstract

<abstract> <sec><title>Background</title><p>Cardiac fibrosis has gradually gained significance in the field of cardiovascular disease; however, its specific pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aims to establish the regulatory networks based on whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing analyses and reveal the underlying mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis.</p> </sec> <sec><title>Methods</title><p>An experimental model of myocardial fibrosis was induced using the chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) method. Expression profiles of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA) were acquired from right atrial tissue samples of rats. Differentially expressed RNAs (DERs) were identified, and functional enrichment analysis was performed. Moreover, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network that are related to cardiac fibrosis were constructed, and the relevant regulatory factors and functional pathways were identified. Finally, the crucial regulators were validated using qRT-PCR.</p> </sec> <sec><title>Results</title><p>DERs, including 268 lncRNAs, 20 miRNAs, and 436 mRNAs, were screened. Further, 18 relevant biological processes, such as "chromosome segregation, " and 6 KEGG signaling pathways, such as "cell cycle, " were significantly enriched. The regulatory relationship of miRNA–mRNA–KEGG pathways showed eight overlapping disease pathways, including "pathways in cancer." In addition, crucial regulatory factors, such as <italic>Arnt2</italic>, <italic>WNT2B</italic>, <italic>GNG7</italic>, <italic>LOC100909750</italic>, <italic>Cyp1a1</italic>, <italic>E2F1</italic>, <italic>BIRC5</italic>, and <italic>LPAR4</italic>, were identified and verified to be closely related to cardiac fibrosis.</p> </sec> <sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>This study identified the crucial regulators and related functional pathways in cardiac fibrosis by integrating the whole transcriptome analysis in rats, which might provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis.</p> </sec> </abstract>