FMR1 is identified as an immune-related novel prognostic biomarker for renal clear cell carcinoma: A bioinformatics analysis of TAZ/YAP
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Published:2022
Issue:9
Volume:19
Page:9295-9320
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ISSN:1551-0018
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Container-title:Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering
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language:
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Short-container-title:MBE
Author:
Wu Sufang12, He Hua12, Huang Jingjing12, Jiang Shiyao12, Deng Xiyun12, Huang Jun3, Chen Yuanbing3, Jiang Yiqun12
Affiliation:
1. The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China 2. School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China 3. Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
Abstract
<abstract>
<p>WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (TAZ, or WWTR1) and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) are both important effectors of the Hippo pathway and exhibit different functions. However, few studies have explored their co-regulatory mechanisms in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Here, we used bioinformatics approaches to evaluate the co-regulatory roles of TAZ/YAP and screen novel biomarkers in KIRC. GSE121689 and GSE146354 were downloaded from the GEO. The limma was applied to identify the differential expression genes (DEGs) and the Venn diagram was utilized to screen co-expressed DEGs. Co-expressed DEGs obtained the corresponding pathways through GO and KEGG analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING. The hub genes were selected applying MCODE and CytoHubba. GSEA was further applied to identify the hub gene-related signaling pathways. The expression, survival, receiver operating character (ROC), and immune infiltration of the hub genes were analyzed by HPA, UALCAN, GEPIA, pROC, and TIMER. A total of 51 DEGs were co-expressed in the two datasets. The KEGG results showed that the enriched pathways were concentrated in the TGF-β signaling pathway and endocytosis. In the PPI network, the hub genes (STAU2, AGO2, FMR1) were identified by the MCODE and CytoHubba. The GSEA results revealed that the hub genes were correlated with the signaling pathways of metabolism and immunomodulation. We found that STAU2 and FMR1 were weakly expressed in tumors and were negatively associated with the tumor stages. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rate of the high-expressed group of FMR1 was greater than that of the low-expressed group. The ROC result exhibited that FMR1 had certainly a predictive ability. The TIMER results indicated that FMR1 was positively correlated to immune cell infiltration. The abovementioned results indicated that TAZ/YAP was involved in the TGF-β signaling pathway and endocytosis. FMR1 possibly served as an immune-related novel prognostic gene in KIRC.</p>
</abstract>
Publisher
American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS)
Subject
Applied Mathematics,Computational Mathematics,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,Modeling and Simulation,General Medicine
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