Evaluating vaccination effectiveness of group-specific fractional-dose strategies

Abstract

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>In this paper, we formulate a multi-group <i>SIR</i> epidemic model with the consideration of proportionate mixing patterns between groups and group-specific fractional-dose vaccination to evaluate the effects of fractionated dosing strategies on disease control and prevention in a heterogeneously mixing population. The basic reproduction number <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ \mathscr{R}_0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, the final size of the epidemic, and the infection attack rate are used as three measures of population-level implications of fractionated dosing programs. Theoretically, we identify the basic reproduction number, <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ \mathscr{R}_0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, establish the existence and uniqueness of the final size and the final size relation with <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ \mathscr{R}_0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, and obtain explicit calculation expressions of the infection attack rate for each group and the whole population. Furthermore, the simulation results suggest that dose fractionation policies take positive effects in lowering the <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ \mathscr{R}_0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, decreasing the final size and reducing the infection attack rate only when the fractional-dose influenza vaccine efficacy is high enough rather than just similar to standard-dose. We find evidences that fractional-dose vaccination in response to influenza vaccine shortages take negative community-level effects. Our results indicate that the role of fractional dose vaccines should not be overestimated even though fractional dosing strategies could extend the vaccine coverage.</p>