Convergence of random attractors towards deterministic singleton attractor for 2D and 3D convective Brinkman-Forchheimer equations

Abstract

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>This work deals with the asymptotic behavior of the two as well as three dimensional convective Brinkman-Forchheimer (CBF) equations in an <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ n $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-dimensional torus (<inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ n = 2, 3 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>):</p><p style='text-indent:20px;'><disp-formula> <label/> <tex-math id="FE1"> \begin{document}$ \frac{\partial\boldsymbol{u}}{\partial t}-\mu \Delta\boldsymbol{u}+(\boldsymbol{u}\cdot\nabla)\boldsymbol{u}+\alpha\boldsymbol{u}+\beta|\boldsymbol{u}|^{r-1}\boldsymbol{u}+\nabla p = \boldsymbol{f}, \ \nabla\cdot\boldsymbol{u} = 0, $\end{document} </tex-math></disp-formula></p><p style='text-indent:20px;'>where <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ r\geq1 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. We prove that the global attractor of the above system is singleton under small forcing intensity (<inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ r\geq 1 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><tex-math id="M5">\begin{document}$ n = 2 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M6">\begin{document}$ r\geq 3 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><tex-math id="M7">\begin{document}$ n = 3 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> with <inline-formula><tex-math id="M8">\begin{document}$ 2\beta\mu\geq 1 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><tex-math id="M9">\begin{document}$ r = n = 3 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>). But if one perturbs the above system with an additive or multiplicative white noise, there is no sufficient evidence that the random attractor keeps the singleton structure. We obtain that the random attractor for 2D stochastic CBF equations forced by additive and multiplicative white noise converges towards the deterministic singleton attractor for all <inline-formula><tex-math id="M10">\begin{document}$ 1\leq r&lt;\infty $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, when the coefficient of random perturbation converges to zero (upper and lower semicontinuity). For the case of 3D stochastic CBF equations perturbed by additive and multiplicative white noise, we are able to establish that the random attractor converges towards the deterministic singleton attractor for <inline-formula><tex-math id="M11">\begin{document}$ 3\leq r&lt;\infty $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula><tex-math id="M12">\begin{document}$ 2\beta\mu\geq 1 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><tex-math id="M13">\begin{document}$ r = 3 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>), when the coefficient of random perturbation converges to zero.</p>