Plant Protective and Growth Promoting Effects of Seed Endophytes in Soybean Plants

Abstract

Seed-borne diseases reduce not only the seed germination and seedling growth but also seed quality, resulting in the significant yield loss in crop production. Plant seed harbors diverse microbes termed endophytes other than pathogens inside it. However, their roles and application to agricultures were rarely understood and explored to date. Recently, we had isolated from soybean seeds culturable endophytes exhibiting in-vitro antagonistic activities against common bacterial and fungal seed-borne pathogens. In this study, we evaluated effects of seed treatment with endophytes on plant growth and protection against the common seed-borne pathogens: four fungal pathogens (<i>Cercospora sojina, C. kikuchii, Septoria glycines, Diaporthe eres</i>) and two bacterial pathogens (<i>Xanthomonas axonopodis</i> pv. <i>glycines, Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>tabaci</i>). Our experiments showed that treatment of soybean seeds with seed endophytes clearly offer protection against seed-borne pathogens. We also found that some of the endophytes promote plant growth in addition to the disease suppression. Taken together, our results demonstrate agricultural potential of seed endophytes in crop protection.