1. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
2. Department of Pedodontic, Orthodontics and Preventive Dentistry (POP), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
3. Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
4. Department of Physiology, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College & Research Institute, Kancheepuram, Tamilnadu, India.