1. S. Olson and A. Kobayashi, The emerging ethnocultural mosaic, in L. Bourne and D. Ley (Eds), The Changing Social Geography of Canadian Cities (Montreal 1993) 138–152
2. I use the term landscape to refer to the physical structures of the city as well as their identity and meaning to urban residents. The latter perspective is commonly associated with the notion of place in social and humanist geography, though the marriage of social and cultural geography has brought the concepts of landscape and place closer together. For a recent overview of this approach to landscape, see P. Groth, Frameworks for cultural landscape study, in P. Groth and T. Bressi (Eds),Understanding Ordinary Landscapes (New Haven 1997) 1–24
3. A. Cameron, The contemporary Italian house in Toronto, Italian Canadiana 4 (1988) 84–93; L. Del Guidice, The “archvilla”: an Italian Canadian architectural archetype, in Idem, (Ed.), Studies in Italian American Folklore (Logan 1993) 53–105
4. Italian refers to foreign-born immigrants. Italian-Canadians becomes a more appropriate term to refer to the community over time, since many immigrants would have become «new Canadians», but more importantly because subsequent generations come to outnumber the immigrants. I use Italian-Canadian throughout the remainder of the paper, except where I refer to immigrants in the early years.
5. Hundreds welcome Italian president, Toronto Star, 13 June 1986; Toronto's Little Italy salutes the Queen,Toronto Star, 1 October 1984.