Subject
Archaeology,History,Geography, Planning and Development
Reference76 articles.
1. P. F. Lewis, New Orleans: The Making of an Urban Landscape (Cambridge 1976). An entire glossary is necessary to comprehend relative location in New Orleans. High ground is along the river, low ground occurs between the river and the lake or to the rear. Uptown refers to upstream and downtown refers to downstream.
2. S. Cutter contends that environmental equity “is a broad term used to describe the disproportionate effects of environmental degradation on people and places.” Here it will also be used to describe circumstances that deny people and places environmental improvements. See Susan Cutter, Race, class, and environmental justice, Progress in Human Geography 19 (1995) 111–22. Quote is from p. 112.
3. The concept of environmental development was presented in C. M. Rosen, The Limits of Power (Cambridge 1986). She presents three elements of the process: “(1) the economic and population growth stimuli provoking land use change, (2) the adaptive environmental change necessitated by the stimuli, and (3) a wide variety of fractions that mediated this stimulus–response relationship” (p. 6). This work will focus on environmental change.
4. D. Spain, Race relations and residential segregation in New Orleans: two centuries of paradox, Annals American Academy of Political and Social Science 441 (1979) 82–96. Spain cites Lewis, op cit62, who acknowledged that Jim Crow Era policies acted in concert with the drainage system.
5. For discussions of late-nineteenth-century public works, see J. A. Tarr, The separate vs. combined sewer problem: a case study in urban technology design choice, Journal of Urban History 5 (1979) 308–39; J. A. Peterson, The impact of sanitary reform upon American urban planning, 1840–1890, Journal of Social History 13 (1979) 83–103; S. K. Schultz and C. McShane, To engineer the metropolis: sewers, sanitation, and city planning in late-nineteenth-century America, Journal of American History 65 (1978) 389–411.
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