Solitary fibrous tumor: features of the clinical course, radiation and laboratory diagnostics, therapy: A review

Abstract

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a relatively rare mesenchymal neoplasm, mainly affecting serous membranes and soft tissues.It is distinguished by a long-term course, a variable risk of metastasis, the possibility of occurrence in any anatomical region, as well as a low-specific histological structure.Moreover, the last two features of SFT are the main causes of diagnostic errors in morphological verification of a neoplasm. Despite the fact that in the twentieth century SFT was mentioned in the scientific literature quite rarely and, as a rule, in the form of single observations, in the last two decades, due to the widespread use of new molecular genetic research methods and the identification of specific mutations in mesenchymal tumors, the quality and accuracy have significantly increased. making a diagnosis. In addition, the clinical observations accumulated in recent decades in a considerable number of cases made it possible to assess in more detail the clinical and morphological parameters of the SFT associated with the risk of local recurrence and the appearance of distant metastases. This article analyzes the modern literature on epidemiology, molecular pathology, features of radiation and morphological diagnostics, aspects of the genesis of solitary fibrous tumor, as well as the choice of optimal treatment for patients.