Clinical and genetic factors determining target lesions of patients with arterial hypertension among Mountain Shoria population

Abstract

Objective. To establish associations between clinical and genetic risk factors and target lesions (heart, blood vessels, kidneys) of patients with arterial hypertension (AH) among the population of Mountain Shoria, depending on ethnicity. Matherials and methods. A clinical and epidemiological study of compactly living population in the remote areas of the Mountain Shoria was carried out. This middle altitude region is located in the south of Western Siberia. 1409 people were examined (901 representatives of the indigenous ethnic group - the Shors, 508 representatives of the non-indigenous ethnic group - 90% of them being Caucasian). The diagnosis of AH was set in accordance with the recommendations of the Society of Cardiology of the Russian Federation / Medical Society of the Russian Federation on the Problem of Arterial Hypertension, 2010. Assessment of the structural and functional state of the cardiac muscle and duplex scanning of brachiocephalic arteries among the patients with AH was made by echocardiography. A photometric method was used to examine the urinary albumin concentration level. The polymorphisms of the genes ACE (I/D, rs4340), АGT (c.803T>C, rs699), AGTR1 (А1166С, rs5186), ADRB1 (с.145A>G, Ser49Gly, rs1801252), ADRA2B (I/D, rs28365031), MTHFR (c.677С>Т, Ala222Val, rs1801133) and NOS3 (VNTR, 4b/4a) were tested by the PCR method. Results. Among the members of the indigenous ethnic group left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH) correlated with the AG progression features (extent and duration), smoking, genotypes I/D of the ACE gene among men and T/T and C/T of the MTHFR gene; increased intima-media complex thickness (IMT) correlated with the AG progression features (duration), male sex, age, genotypes T/C of the AGT gene and C/T of the MTHFR gene; high level of albuminuria (AU) correlated with the AG progression features (extent and duration), lipid disorders (hypoalphacholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperbetacholesterolemia), genotypes D/D and I/D of the ACE gene, D/D of the ADRA2B gene and the C/T of the MTHFR gene among 18-64-year-olds. Genotype T/C of the AGT gene had a protective effect on LVH, genotypes G/G and A/G of the ADRB1 gene had protective effects on IMT and AU levels. In the nonindigenous ethnic group LVH correlated with the AG progression features (duration), hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal obesity, genotypes D/D of the ACE gene, 4b/4a and 4a/4a of the NOS3 gene; increased IMT correlated with the AG progression features (duration), age and genotypes T/C and C/C of the AGT gene; AU high level correlated with the AG progression features (extent and duration), obesity, abdominal including, genotypes C/C of the AGTR1 gene, D/D of the ADRA2B gene and T/T of the MTHFR gene. Genotype I/D of the ADRA2B gene had protective effect on IMT. Conclusion. The study demonstrated the importance of the ethnogenetic mechanisms in the multifactorial pathology development. The problem requires further research, also identification of people with AH and target lesions is needed for monitoring during the prophylactic medical examination of the population.