Gallbladder polyps: modern approaches to diagnostics and treatment

Abstract

Gallbladder polyps are an elevation of the mucous membrane that protrudes into the lumen of the gallbladder cavity. Their prevalence in the general population varies from 0.3 to 13.8%. According to the modern classification, polyps of the gallbladder are divided into benign non-tumor, benign tumor and malignant tumor polyps. A review of modern literature presents cohort and randomized controlled trials, including those summarized in meta-analyzes and systematic reviews, suggesting that the dominant form of polypoid formations of the gallbladder are cholesterol pseudo-polyps with no malignant potential associated with impaired cholesterol metabolism, often combined with gallbladder cholesterosis, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular morbidity. Evidence is building up on the effectiveness of ursodeoxycholic acid for controlling components of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risks. Ursodeoxycholic acid preparations may become promising for the management of cholesterol polyps.