Predictors of dysfunction of the small respiratory tract in patients with asthma

Abstract

Aim. To identify predictors of development of small respiratory tract (SRT) dysfunction in patients with asthma of mild severity, partially controlled course. Materials and methods. One hundred and fourteen patients with asthma of mild severity, partially controlled course, were examined. The control group consisted of 27 healthy volunteers. The main risk factors for the development of AD were revealed by questioning in all patients, an ACQ-5 test was used to determine the level of disease control, functional research was carried out using spirography and bodyplethysmography methods. To assess the relative risk, the odds ratio calculation was used. Results. 55% of all examined patients with asthma indicated 3 or more risk factors. Bronchial obstruction occurred in 26.3% of cases. According to the functional examination, patients are divided into 2 groups: 94 patients without dysfunction of the SRT and 20 patients with dysfunction of the SRT (17.5% of cases). The significance of differences in the development of dysfunction of the SRT depending on the impact of the risk factor between groups of patients was assessed. Among the traditional risk factors for asthma, the most negatively affecting the development of dysfunction of the SRT in patients were identified. It has been established that the duration of asthma disease for more than 5 years, the symptoms of bronchial obstruction diagnosed in patients increase the risk of dysfunction of the SRT by 4.95 and 4.83 times, respectively, the presence of extrapulmonary allergic diseases, namely allergic rhinitis by 4.31 times, urticaria 3.58 times. Conclusion. It has been shown that the most significant factors affecting the occurrence of dysfunction of the SRT in patients with asthma of mild severity are the duration of asthma for more than 5 years, the presence of extrapulmonary allergic diseases in patients (allergic rhinitis and urticaria) and bronchial obstruction in patients.