1. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
2. US Anesthesia Partners
3. Quality Improvement and Clinical Operations, Huntington Hospital, Affiliate of the Cedars-Sinai Health System, Pasadena, California
4. Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
5. Department of Anesthesiology, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, and Surgery, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
6. Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.