1. Asahi Shimbun (2009a). Wazato oungorru 6 renpatu Niigata no tyuugaku, kyougou sakeru tame sizisita kyoutou ni katudouteisisyobun [Deliberately 6 own goals Niigata junior high school, to avoid the powerful team suspension of activity at the vice president]. April 10 p.18. (in Japanese).
2. Asahi Shimbun (2009b). “Oungorru” sizi de genkyu Niigata, tyuutoukyouikugakkou no kyoutou [Wage cuts according to “own goal” instructions Niigata, The vice president of junior high school]. April 23 p.37. (in Japanese).
3. Asahi Shimbun (2012). “Kisya yuuron” London gorin mukiryoku to senryaku no hazama de Inagaki Kousuke [“Kisya yuuron” London Olympic between lethargy and strategy Inagaki Kousuke]. August 14 p.9. (in Japanese).
4. Asahi Shimbun (2016). Shinken syoubu no sue, Rio hitowaku ni badominton [The end of a serious game, in one frame of the Rio olympics badminton], May 3 p.19. (in Japanese).
5. D'Agostino, F. (1981). The ethos of games. J. Philos. Sport, 8: 7-18.