Grace in the Workplace: A Process Model of its Impact

Abstract

This paper provides a focused literature review on grace, drawing on the domains of psychology, business ethics, philosophy, and religion. Then the design and findings of a qualitative study are presented. The results illustrate how individuals from a variety of organizations understand the term grace and how it has been enacted in their workplaces. Then the effects of grace in the workplace are presented, showing that most effects, both of giving and receiving grace, are positive. Yet, there are situations in which some negative consequences may occur. Based on the analysis of thirty interviews, in concert with the existing literature, a typology of four ways of enacting grace developed. Type 1 involves a direct experience of divine favor or direction while at work. Type 2 expresses kindness, with reference to spiritual beliefs or practice. Type 3 expresses kindness or friendliness, without reference to spiritual motivation or any sense of transcendence. Type 4 is anti-obligational favor expressed by one person toward another, without direct reference to spiritual motivation or empowerment. Some propositions to guide future research are offered, and implications for practice are discussed. This study contributes to the literature on management, spirituality and religion by developing the concept of grace, specifically within the workplace. This contribution is timely as workplaces are often hard-pressed by the speed of change, strong competition and at times, very harsh and challenging work conditions. The call to craft, manage and lead organizations that deliver quality products and services is always clear. While workplace pressure is up and employee engagement is down, understanding and nurturing the practice of grace is worthwhile as we seek to foster the development of workplaces that are both successful in terms of products and services, while being life-giving environments for those who work in them.