Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a public health problem with rising incidence worldwide. Nigeria appears to be badly hit by this epidemic; therefore, there is a need to assess a more reliable marker devoid of limitations. This study evaluated serum cystatin C as an early biochemical marker of renal disease in chronic kidney disease patients in the Kano metropolis. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital and Muhammad Wase Specialist Hospital (MWSH) in Kano, Nigeria. A total of 150 subjects comprised 100 chronic kidney disease patients, and 50 apparently healthy subjects as controls. The serum creatinine was measured by the Jaffe Method, cystatin C by immunoturbidometric method, and glomerular filtration rates were estimated using CKD-EPI and modified diet in renal disease formulae. One-way Analysis of Variance was used to compare the Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) of the chronic kidney disease patients with the control groups. In this study, the multiple comparisons of the estimated glomerular filtration rate showed that cystatin C-based glomerular filtration rate gave a direct and accurate measurement of independent of age, and muscle mass with the estimated glomerular filtration rate of ≤60 mL/min/1.73m2 in chronic kidney disease patients substantially lower as compared to the control group and newly diagnosed chronic kidney disease patients. Serum cystatin C-based glomerular filtration rate gave a direct and accurate measurement of independent of age, and muscle mass and thus suggestive of a better marker of early detection of chronic kidney disease. Creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate has been relatively inexpensive and widely used for the diagnosis of renal function. However, to address its limitations caused by the influence of some factors, cystatin C-based glomerular filtration rate gave a direct and accurate measurement independent of age, sex, and muscle mass.
Reference31 articles.
1. National Kidney Foundation, K/DOQI. Clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: Evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 39(21): S1-266.
2. World Health Organization (WHO). http://who.int/countries/nga/areas/health_financing/en/index.html, 2009.
3. Gouda Z, Mashaal G, Bello AK, El Attar A, El Kemmry T, El Reweny A. Egypt information, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease (EGIPT‑CKD) programme: Prevalence and risk factors for microalbuminuria among relatives of patients with CKD in Egypt. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2011; 22:1055‑63.
4. Ijoma CK, Ulasi II, Ijoma UN. High prevalence of anemia in predialysis patients in Enugu, Nigeria.Nephrol Rev 2010; 2: e14.
5. Egbi OG, Okafor UH, Miebodei KE, Kasia BE, Kunle‑Olowu OE, Unuigbe EI. Prevalence and correlates of chronic kidney disease among civil servants in Bayelsa state, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of clinical practice 2014; 17: 5.