Prognostic importance of the systemic inflammatory index and the systemic inflammatory response index in COVID-19 patients

Abstract

COVID-19 can cause a wide range of effects on patients, from asymptomatic cases to mortality. Many factors can affect the prognosis of the disease. Our study aims to evaluate the predictive power of the Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII) and Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) in determining prognosis and mortality in patients. Patients who tested positive for COVID-19 by polymerase chain reaction and presented to the emergency department of Merin Hospital between September 1, 2020, and August 31, 2021, were included in the study. The data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 446 patients were included in our study. The rate of patients with severe disease was 55.6%, and the mortality rate was 30.5%. It was found that mortality increased with age (p<0.001). SII and SIRI levels were found to be higher in patients who died or had severe disease (p<0.001). It was determined that the severity level increased in COVID-19 patients when the SIRI value was above 1.648 (p<0.0001, AUC=0.689), and the mortality rate increased when the SIRI value was above 2.057 (p<0.0001, AUC=0.640). It was determined that the severity level increased in COVID-19 patients when the SII value was above 867.834 (p<0.0001, AUC=0.744), and the mortality rate increased when it was above 1370.353 (p<0.0001, AUC=0.682). In patients diagnosed with COVID-19, it was found that SII and SIRI parameters could predict the severity and mortality of the disease. Further comprehensive studies are needed to determine the future roles of these indices.