A cross-sectional study: a hypertension screening model using digital tensimeter as the gold standard at public health centre in Gianyar Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia

Abstract

The number of patients with hypertension in Gianyar Regency tent to increase in recent years. Hypertension is the first among the tenth rank from the most common diseases, with 23% cases according to the priority scale. Hypertension treatment and management include prevention, early diagnosis, diagnosis with therapy, and screening to detect early hypertension disease. This screening includes elderly >40 years old who come to Public Health Centre in September 2021. The screening uses a questionnaire to uphold the diagnosis of hypertension disease by using a digital tensimeter as the gold standard. Based on World Health Organisation in 2018, which said it would be confirmed as hypertension if systolic ≥140 mmHg or diastolic ≥90 mmHg. 86% of 255 respondents were diagnosed with hypertension, that’s 40% were >65 years old, 75% were female, and 31% worked as housewives. The screening tool with a question list of dizziness has a sensitivity value of 99%, a specificity value of 73% with a Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and each value of Negative Predictive Value (NPV) is 96% and 89%, respectively. Headache contains a sensitivity value of 90%, a specificity of 100%, with PPV value of 100% and NPV value of 61%. The combination of symptoms of dizziness and headache has a sensitivity value of 76%, and a specificity value of 82%, with PPV of 96% and NPV of 36%. Clinical symptoms are considered an early diagnosis of hypertension. If people who experience complaints of dizziness, headaches, or a combination of the two should immediately check their blood pressure as early as possible.