Affiliation:
1. Michelle Lee and Lauren Bush, Northwestern University; Gary E. Martin, St. John's University; Jamie Barstein and Nell Maltman, Northwestern University; Jessica Klusek, University of South Carolina; and Molly Losh, Northwestern University.
Abstract
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined pragmatic language in boys and girls with Down syndrome (DS) at up to three time points, using parent report, standardized and direct assessments. We also explored relationships among theory of mind, executive function, nonverbal mental age, receptive and expressive vocabulary, grammatical complexity, and pragmatic competence. Controlling for cognitive and language abilities, children with DS demonstrated greater difficulty than younger typically developing controls on parent report and standardized assessments, but only girls with DS differed on direct assessments. Further, pragmatic skills of individuals with DS developed at a delayed rate relative to controls. Some sex-specific patterns of pragmatic impairments emerged. Theory of mind and executive function both correlated with pragmatic competence. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Publisher
American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD)
Subject
Psychiatry and Mental health,Clinical Neurology,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous),Developmental and Educational Psychology,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology,General Medicine,Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
Cited by
21 articles.
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