Unraveling the diversity and spatial distribution of Soil-borne Fungal Mycobiomes with response to environmental parameters, cropping schemes and cropping seasons

Abstract

The arid zones are vital agricultural areas, yet they encounter substantial obstacles due to destructive plant diseases caused by soil-borne fungal pathogens. Gaining knowledge about the structure and behavior of the fungus community in the soil and its connection to these ailments is crucial for developing efficient ways to manage the diseases. This study aimed to examine the fungal communities found in soil in areas with high temperatures and multiple cropping schemes. The main objectives of this study were to provide insight into the relationship between these fungal communities, environmental circumstances, and the occurrence of severe plant diseases. Soil samples were collected from agricultural fields exhibiting disease outbreaks, and the fungus diversity was analyzed using modern techniques. The results of this study revealed a diverse array of soil-dwelling fungi, encompassing both beneficial and detrimental species. The presence of pathogenic fungi, specifically basidiomycetes and ascomycetes, in soils where disease outbreaks occur frequently suggests that they play a substantial role in the development of these diseases. Temperature, moisture, and soil conditions also affected fungal community structure and disease dynamics. These findings highlight the importance of soil-borne fungus mycobiome in forecasting and managing plant diseases. To reduce severe plant diseases and preserve agricultural sustainability in these areas, integrated disease management must include the complex interactions between soil fungus, plant hosts, and environmental conditions. To understand fungal pathophysiology and develop targeted disease preventive and control measures, a comprehensive study is required.