The Effects of Ginsenosides and Anserine on the Up-Regulation of Renal Aquaporins 1–4 in Hyperuricemic Mice

Abstract

Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease of the kidney that results in decreased uric acid excretion. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of ginsenosides and anserine on hyperuricemia and the expression of aquaporin (AQP) 1–4, which are indicators of renal excretion. Ginsenosides and anserine were administered separately or together after the establishment of hyperuricemia with adenine in BALB/c mice. Renal function indexes such as serum uric acid, creatinine, and urea nitrogen were measured in each group of mice, and the expression of AQP1–4 in renal tissues was detected. Serum uric acid and urea nitrogen were decreased in the ginsenoside and the anserine +UA groups. Meanwhile, the uric acid excretion and clearance rate were clearly increased in the co-treatment +UA group ([Formula: see text].05). Moreover, ginsenosides or anserine ginsenosides or anserine alone and treatment with both increased the expression of AQP1–4; however, the synergistic effects were more significantly enhanced ([Formula: see text].01). We provide the first reported evidence that ginsenosides and anserine have synergistic effects on uric acid excretion. The improvement in renal function in hyperuricemic mice after treatment with ginsenosides and anserine may result from up-regulation of AQP1–4 expressions.