On the curvature invariants of the massive Banados–Teitelboim–Zanelli black holes and their holographic pictures

Abstract

In this paper, the curvature structure of a ([Formula: see text])-dimensional black hole in the massive-charged-Born–Infeld gravity is investigated. The metric that we consider is characterized by four degrees of freedom which are the mass and electric charge of the black hole, the mass of the graviton field, and a cosmological constant. For the charged and neutral cases separately, we present various constraints among scalar polynomial curvature invariants which could invariantly characterize our desired space–times. Specially, an appropriate scalar polynomial curvature invariant and a Cartan curvature invariant which together could detect the black hole horizon would be explicitly constructed. Using algorithms related to the focusing properties of a bundle of light rays on the horizon which are accounted for by the Raychaudhuri equation, a procedure for isolating the black hole parameters, as the algebraic combinations involving the curvature invariants, would be presented. It will be shown that this technique could specially be applied for black holes with zero electric charge, contrary to the cases of solutions of lower-dimensional nonmassive gravity. In addition, for the case of massive ([Formula: see text])-dimensional black hole, the irreducible mass, which quantifies the maximum amount of energy which could be extracted from a black hole would be derived. Therefore, we show that the Hawking temperatures of these black holes could be reduced to the pure curvature properties of the space–times. Finally, we comment on the relationship between our analysis and the novel roles it could play in numerical quark–gluon plasma simulations and other QCD models and also black hole information paradox where the holographic correspondence could be exploited.