The modulated soliton fields in the Goldstone boson model

Abstract

It is well known that massless Goldstone bosons have not yet been observed. In the Goldstone boson model, after the spontaneous symmetry breaking under [Formula: see text], two coupled nonlinear equations are obtained for which we present the exact solitonic solutions. These solutions completely localize the energy density of the model and show the existence of two boson fields, one massive and the other massless. Also, it is seen that the solitonic waves are modulated and the massless wave rides on the massive wave. Finally, we calculate the charge density of the model, which again confirms the neutrality of these boson fields. Since massive bosons can be observed in the laboratory, these solitonic waves may be useful in tracking and detecting Goldstone bosons.