Condensates beyond the horizons

Abstract

In this work we continue our previous studies concerning the possibility of the existence of a Bose–Einstein condensate in the interior of a static black hole, a possibility first advocated by Dvali and Gómez. We find that the phenomenon seems to be rather generic and it is associated to the presence of a horizon, acting as a confining potential. We extend the previous considerations to a Reissner–Nordström black hole and to the de Sitter cosmological horizon. In the latter case the use of static coordinates is essential to understand the physical picture. In order to see whether a BEC is preferred, we use the Brown–York quasilocal energy, finding that a condensate is energetically favorable in all cases in the classically forbidden region. The Brown–York quasilocal energy also allows us to derive a quasilocal potential, whose consequences we explore. Assuming the validity of this quasilocal potential allows us to suggest a possible mechanism to generate a graviton condensate in black holes. However, this mechanism appears not to be feasible in order to generate a quantum condensate behind the cosmological de Sitter horizon.