THE CLIFFORD SPACE GEOMETRY BEHIND THE PIONEER AND FLYBY ANOMALIES

Abstract

It is rigorously shown how the extended relativity theory in Clifford spaces (C-spaces) can explain the variable radial dependence ap(r) of the Pioneer anomaly; its sign (pointing towards the Sun); why planets do not experience the anomalous acceleration and why the present day value of the Hubble scale RH appears. It is the curvature–spin coupling of the planetary motions that hold the key. The difference in the rate at which clocks tick in C-space translates into the C-space analog of Doppler shifts which may explain the anomalous redshifts in cosmology, where objects which are not that far apart from each other exhibit very different redshifts. We conclude by showing how the empirical formula for the flybys anomalies obtained by Anderson et al.17 can be derived within the framework of Clifford geometry.