Gravitational lensing by some parametrizations of dark energy in the universe

Abstract

We have studied the statistical probability of finding gravitational lenses in the background of a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe for some of the well-established dark energy (DE) parametrization models (Models I–V). We have considered cases where DE and dark matter are separately conserved and interact with each other, and probed the models against varied density parameter [Formula: see text]. Further, we have investigated the models using the varying equation of state (EoS) parameter. We have analyzed the optical depth [Formula: see text] for these DE models. The result of our study has been almost within the estimate.