Viaggiu entropy and the generalized second law in a flat FLRW universe

Abstract

Our aim, in this paper, is to study the generalized second law by considering the dynamical apparent horizon to be endowed with the Hawking temperature and the Viaggiu entropy introduced in a pioneering work in 2014. We have devoted our attention to a flat FLRW universe filled with a perfect fluid having a constant equation of state [Formula: see text]. It is worthwhile to note that we have considered both forms of the Hawking temperature, the original one as well as the truncated version. The latter one is generally used during calculations, however, several arguments have been put forward against it. Our analysis yields a startling result. The Viaggiu entropy naturally forbids the phantom era. In other words, the Viaggiu entropy will never allow the EoS parameter to go beyond the Cosmological Constant. This result is in strong agreement with recent observations and we have deduced it purely by thermodynamic means. This is in striking contrast with the results obtained with the Bekenstein–Hawking formalism.