HIDDEN COVERS (WINGS) IN THE FRACTALS OF CHAOTIC SYSTEMS USING ADVANCED JULIA FUNCTION

Abstract

In this work, we have adopted an advanced Julia-based function that helps not only in sorting out hidden wings in the fractals of chaotic systems, but can also generate an extra wing in chaotic systems based on a single wing. For verification, two examples Lorenz and modified stretch-twist-fold (STF) systems based on more than one wing, whereas chemical reaction-based chaotic system with a unique wing is considered. The existence of another wing in chaotic systems based on a single wing was a big question mark on the creation of multi-wings in the theory of fractals, but with the aid of advanced Julia functions, we have elaborated in detail that the existence of a second wing in such systems is also possible. The stretching and squeezing in the trajectories of fractals are also integral parts of our findings. Moreover, our study has solved another problem related to fractals. In the past, authors have shown multi-wings in chaotic systems with empty space inside all the time. In this study, we have shown for the first time that these inner spaces have special meaning due to the existence of hidden wings. Furthermore, we have shown that fractals can be divided into outer and inner wings, where the inner wings reflect the answer to the question about the empty space in between the outer wings of chaotic systems. For convenience, an extra file named as MiddleSpace.pdf is attached as a supplementary file to better understand the concept of covering empty space inside fractals.