Mesogenic complementary absorbing dyads based on porphyrin and perylene units

Abstract

Five novel dyads, consisting of a tetraphenylporphyrine unit connected to a perylene monoimide diester unit via a flexible bridge -CONH-(CH[Formula: see text]- (n [Formula: see text] 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12), have been synthesized. Their structures were characterized by [Formula: see text]C and [Formula: see text]H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The UV-vis absorption spectra revealed these dyads have broad optical absorption in the ultraviolet and visible regions due to the complementary absorption of the two units. The differential scanning calorimetry traces and polarized optical microscopy textures showed all these dyads have columnar liquid crystal phases. Cyclic voltammetry revealed the highest occupied molecular orbitals of the dyads located on the porphyrin units, and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals located on the perylene units. In addition, these results were in agreement with that of the theoretical modeling. When excited at 423 or 473 nm, the photoluminescent emission spectra showed that the degree of fluorescence quenching of porphyrin units increased as the spacers became shorter. This quenching was ascribed to intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer, which also induced the dyad molecules to form the charge-separated states. The charge-separated molecules were further confirmed by the photocurrent response curves. These behaviors of broad absorption of the ultraviolet-visible light, yielding the charge-separated states of the molecules when excited and the formation of columnar liquid crystal phase made these dyads candidates for single-component photovoltaic active materials.