Removal of heavy and toxic metals from wastewater using porphyrin-based covalent-organic frameworks: An emerging Field

Abstract

This mini-review assembles the current advances in the adsorption of heavy elements and toxic metals, namely Cr(VI), Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Tc(VII), Cd(II), Re(VII), Pt(IV), Au(III), Hg(II), Pb(II), and U(VI), bromate ([Formula: see text]), and iodine ([Formula: see text] in water, as well as the visible-light-driven heterogeneous photocatalytic reduction of highly harmful metal ions into less hazardous or soluble metallic cations, mainly U(VI) + light [Formula: see text] U(IV) and Au(III) + light [Formula: see text] Au NPs, by the porous and highly colored porphyrin-based covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) in water.