Affiliation:
1. Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have forged a new direction for the treatment of cancer. However, ICIs – programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors – are also known to cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Rheumatological adverse events are uncommon and often low grade, but flares of underlying rheumatological diseases may be triggered. Guidelines are available for the effective management of the rheumatological adverse events that more frequently arise from the use of ICIs, such as inflammatory arthritis, inflammatory myopathies, Sjogren syndrome, scleroderma, and polymyalgia rheumatica and eosinophilic fasciitis.
Publisher
World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt