3-Manifold invariants derived from the intersecting kernels

Abstract

The intersecting kernel of a Heegaard splitting [Formula: see text] for a compact orientable 3-manifold [Formula: see text] is the subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the homomorphism induced by the inclusion [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. In the paper, we obtain some invariants of 3-manifolds [Formula: see text] from certain quotient groups of the intersecting kernels of their Heegaard splittings. We also list two algebraic problems related to the new invariants, which might be interesting to study.