On the Inclusion Ideal Graph of Semigroups

Abstract

The inclusion ideal graph [Formula: see text] of a semigroup [Formula: see text] is an undirected simple graph whose vertices are all the nontrivial left ideals of [Formula: see text] and two distinct left ideals [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] are adjacent if and only if either [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. The purpose of this paper is to study algebraic properties of the semigroup [Formula: see text] as well as graph theoretic properties of [Formula: see text]. We investigate the connectedness of [Formula: see text] and show that the diameter of [Formula: see text] is at most 3 if it is connected. We also obtain a necessary and sufficient condition of [Formula: see text] such that the clique number of [Formula: see text] is the number of minimal left ideals of [Formula: see text]. Further, various graph invariants of [Formula: see text], viz. perfectness, planarity, girth, etc., are discussed. For a completely simple semigroup [Formula: see text], we investigate properties of [Formula: see text] including its independence number and matching number. Finally, we obtain the automorphism group of [Formula: see text].