Systematic investigation of the particle spectra in heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider

Abstract

We investigate the charged particle spectra produced in the heavy-ion collisions at nine centralities from different systems, i.e. [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] TeV and 5.02 TeV as well as [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] TeV, at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) using one empirical formula inspired by the stationary solution of the Fokker-Planck equation, dubbed as the generalized Fokker-Planck solution (GFPS). Our results show that the GFPS can reproduce the experimental particle spectrum up to transverse momentum [Formula: see text] about 45 GeV/c with the maximum discrepancy 30% covering 10 orders of magnitude. The discrepancy between the data and the results from the GFPS decreases to 15% when the maximum of the charged particle transverse momentum is cut to 20 GeV/c. We confirmed that the Tsallis distribution derived from the non-extensive statistics, which can reproduce the particle spectra produced in small collision systems, such as [Formula: see text], up to few hundreds GeV/c, can only apply to systematically study the particle spectra up to 8 GeV/c in [Formula: see text] collisions at LHC, as pointed out in the study of identified particle spectra in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV. A brief discussion on GFPS is also given.