Q-balls of clusterized baryonic matter

Abstract

Properties of baryonic matter made of nucleons and [Formula: see text]-particles are studied within a relativistic mean-field (RMF) model. The Lagrangian describing the relativistic field [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]-particles is allowed to contain also self-interaction terms. Various types of RMF parametrizations are employed to calculate the energy of [Formula: see text]-particles embedded in the baryonic matter. We first consider baryonic systems with small admixtures of [Formula: see text]-particles and calculate the energy spectrum as a function of baryon density. Then we turn to the case of pure [Formula: see text]-matter and derive once again the energy spectrum, this time as a function of [Formula: see text]-particle density, with and without quartic self-interaction. In the second part of the paper, we focus on the ground-state properties (energy per particle, radii of the spherical lumps made of [Formula: see text]-particles) of charge neutralized Q-balls formed of baryonic [Formula: see text]-particles for the case of linear [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] fields and nonlinear (quartic[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]sextic) self-interactions of the [Formula: see text] field.