Efficient and secure semi-quantum private comparison protocol using three-particle GHZ-like states against participant attack

Author:

Yang Chun-Wei1ORCID,Huang Yu-Yun1,Lin Jason2ORCID,Tsai Chia-Wei3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Master Program for Digital Health Innovation, China Medical University, No. 100, Section 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun District, Taichung 406040, Taiwan

2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan

3. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, No. 129, Section 3, Sanmin Road, North District, Taichung 40401, Taiwan

Abstract

This study identifies a participant attack vulnerability in Li et al.’s SQPC protocol. The participant attack allows a malicious participant, Bob, to obtain the participant Alice’s secret information by intercepting and measuring photons sent to Alice, and later decrypting Alice’s encrypted comparison result. An improved SQPC protocol is proposed to address this problem. The key enhancement is introducing a mutual eavesdropping check requiring the third party and participants to verify they obtain the same photon measurement results. This enables detecting participant attacks like the one identified. The SQPC protocol proposed in this study not only withstands attacks from internal participants but also achieves quantum efficiency almost equivalent to Li et al.’s SQPC protocol. Thus, this study presents a more secure SQPC protocol without compromising quantum efficiency.

Funder

National Science and Technology Council

China Medical University, Taiwan

Publisher

World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd

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