From the fourth color to spin-charge separation: Neutrinos and spinons

Abstract

We introduce the spin-charge separation mechanism to the quark–lepton unification models which consider the lepton number as the fourth color. In certain finite-density systems, quarks and leptons are decomposed into spinons and chargons, which carry the spin and charge degrees of freedom respectively. Neutrinos can be related to the spinons with respect to the electric-charge and spin separation in the early universe or other circumstances. Some effective, probably universal couplings between the spinon sector and the chargon sector are derived and a phenomenological description for the chargon condensate is proposed. It is then demonstrated that the spinon current can induce vorticity in the chargon condensate, and spinon zero modes are trapped in the vortices, forming spinon-vortex bound states. In cosmology this configuration may lead to the emission of extremely high energy neutrinos when vortices split and reconnect.