Analogues of the binomial coefficient theorems of Gauss and Jacobi

Abstract

The theorems of Gauss and Jacobi that give modulo [Formula: see text] evaluations of certain central binomial coefficients have been extended, since the 1980s, to more classes of binomial coefficients and to congruences modulo [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we further extend these results to congruences modulo [Formula: see text]. In the process, we prove congruences to arbitrarily high powers of [Formula: see text] for certain quotients of Gauss factorials that resemble binomial coefficients and are related to Morita's [Formula: see text]-adic gamma function. These congruences are of a simple form and involve Catalan numbers as coefficients.