Dedekind sums s(a, b) and inversions modulo b

Abstract

We introduce the inversion polynomial for Dedekind sums fb(x) = ∑ x inv (a, b) to study the number of s(a, b) which have the same value for a given b. We prove several properties of this polynomial and present some conjectures. We also introduce connections between Kloosterman sums and the inversion polynomial evaluated at particular roots of unity. Finally, we improve on previously known bounds for the second highest value of the Dedekind sum and provide a conjecture for a possible generalization. Lastly, we include a new sufficient condition for the inequality of two Dedekind sums based on the reciprocity formula.