A New Three-Level Design of Nano-Scale Subtractor Based on Coulomb Interaction of Quantum Dots

Abstract

The quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is popular nanotechnology to process at deep sub-micron levels. In recent years, in QCA technology, numerous multi-layer circuits of adders and subtractors have been developed. However, little attention has been made to the QCA circuit’s instantiation of the subtractors schemes. This paper gives a three-layered subtractor with simple access to inputs and outputs as an essential block in QCA technology. This design was created, optimized, and simulated using QCADesigner-E. The results revealed that the suggested proposal effectively reached a higher level of efficiency, speed, and cost, owing primarily to the use of the three layers’ design. Also, this architecture offers a platform to access the input and output lines more easily. The multi-layer crossover technique is used to build this design. According to the simulation findings, the suggested subtractor in QCA technology employs 22 QCA cells. The simulation findings demonstrated that the proposed design surpasses the majority of previous results in the literature.