Design of Configurable gm−C Biquadratic Filter

Abstract

Design methodology of a voltage-mode programmable biquadratic filter using minimum components is proposed in this paper. Multifunction second-order filter has been implemented using two first-order filter sections. The proposed biquadratic filter has been realized with operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). Cut-off frequency and [Formula: see text]-factor of the biquadratic are controlled by the transconductance of the OTAs. The proposed design technique keeps all the sensitivities to lower values. The biquadratic filter operates at high frequency. The proposed structure is transformed into a third-order multifunction filter by adding minimum component, a single capacitor. Design of higher order filter using the proposed second-order function also has been investigated. The proposed synthesis is validated with SPICE simulation in 0.13[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m technology. Total harmonic distortion, output noise, corner simulations, Monte Carlo analysis due to the circuit parameter and process parameter variation have been studied.