A proton-implanted planar waveguide fabricated in terbium gallium garnet crystal

Author:

Wang Yue1,Long Xue-Wen2,Zhu Qi-Feng1,Chen Jing-Yi1,Xu Jun3,Liu Chun-Xiao1

Affiliation:

1. College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China

2. Department of Physics, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China

3. School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an Aeronautical University, Xi’an 710077, China

Abstract

The investigation on the terbium gallium garnet (TGG) crystal waveguides in the visible and near-infrared bands is significant for potential applications in science and technology. In this work, we report on a TGG planar waveguide based on the proton irradiation with an energy of 400 keV and a dose of [Formula: see text] ions/cm2. The annealing treatments are adopted to improve optical performances of the waveguide on the conditions of 260[Formula: see text]C and 410[Formula: see text]C severally for 1 h. The dark-mode spectra and the refractive index distributions of the TGG waveguide are obtained before and after the thermal treatments. There is a strange phenomenon that nine modes are observed on the m-line curve after the annealing treatment at 410[Formula: see text]C. The theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the fabricated waveguide annealed at the temperature of 410[Formula: see text]C can propagate more guided modes and have better capacity to confine light.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

NUPTSF

Key R&D Program Project of Shaanxi Province

Publisher

World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt

Subject

Condensed Matter Physics,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

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