Breather and rogue wave solutions of an extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation with higher-order odd and even terms

Abstract

In this paper, an extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation with higher-order odd (third-order) and even (fourth-order) terms is investigated in detail. The equation for the one-dimensional magnetic systems is integrable and admits exact solutions. It is more accurate than the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in describing wave propagation in the ocean and optical fibers. First, the modulation instability of solutions is analyzed in the presence of small perturbation. Second, breather and rogue wave solutions of this equation are constructed via the modified Darboux transformation method. The effects of the higher-order terms are investigated graphically. Specially, the interactions between two breathers are studied by adjusting the spectral parameters and the collisions between breather and rogue waves are also discussed.