Black Gram Disease Classification via Deep Ensemble Model with Optimal Training

Abstract

Black gram crop belongs to the Fabaceae family and its scientific name is Vigna Mungo.It has high nutritional content, improves the fertility of the soil, and provides atmospheric nitrogen fixation in the soil. The quality of the black gram crop is degraded by diseases such as Yellow mosaic, Anthracnose, Powdery Mildew, and Leaf Crinkle which causes economic loss to farmers and degraded production. The agriculture sector needs to classify plant nutrient deficiencies in order to increase crop quality and yield. In order to handle a variety of difficult challenges, computer vision and deep learning technologies play a crucial role in the agricultural and biological sectors. The typical diagnostic procedure involves a pathologist visiting the site and inspecting each plant. However, manually crop disease assessment is limited due to lesser accuracy and limited access of personnel. To address these problems, it is necessary to develop automated methods that can quickly identify and classify a wide range of plant diseases. In this paper, black gram disease classifications are done through a deep ensemble model with optimal training and the procedure of this technique is as follows: Initially, the input dataset is processed to increase its size via data augmentation. Here, the processes like shifting, rotation, and shearing take place. Then, the model starts with the noise removal of images using median filtering. Subsequent to the preprocessing, segmentation takes place via the proposed deep joint segmentation model to determine the ROI and non-ROI regions. The next process is the extraction of the feature set that includes the features like improved multi-texton-based features, shape-based features, color-based features, and local Gabor X-OR pattern features. The model combines the classifiers like Deep Belief Networks, Recurrent Neural Networks, and Convolutional Neural Networks. For tuning the optimal weights of the model, a new algorithm termed swarm intelligence-based Self-Improved Dwarf Mongoose Optimization algorithm (SIDMO) is introduced. Over the past two decades, nature-based metaheuristic algorithms have gained more popularity because of their ability to solve various global optimization problems with optimal solutions. This training model ensures the enhancement of classification accuracy. The accuracy of the SIDMO, which is around 94.82%, is substantially higher than that of the existing models, which are FPA[Formula: see text]88.86%, SSOA[Formula: see text]88.99%, GOA[Formula: see text]85.84%, SMA[Formula: see text]85.11%, SRSR[Formula: see text]85.32%, and DMOA[Formula: see text]88.99%, respectively.