Non-Vascularized Tri-Cortical Iliac Crest Graft–A Reliable Option in the Management of Scaphoid Waist Non-Unions

Abstract

Background: Scaphoid non-union often leads to a change in biomechanics of the wrist joint. Various types of bone grafts and different sites of harvest have been described in the literature for scaphoid reconstruction. This study was conducted to assess the clinical and radiological outcome after non-vascularised tri-cortical iliac crest bone graft for non-union of scaphoid waist fractures. Methods: 12 adult patients who underwent reconstruction of scaphoid waist non-union with tricortical iliac crest grafting and internal fixation with headless compression screws (11 cases) and k-wires (1 case) were prospectively analysed. There were 11 males and 1 female (mean age 23.9 years). The mean duration of presentation was 5.7 months following injury. Outcome following surgery were analyzed clinically by range of movements (ROM) and functional scores like DASH and modified Mayo wrist score and radiologically by X-rays and Non contrast CT of the wrist. Radiological assessment included scaphoid length, radio-lunate (RL) angle and scapho-lunate (SL) angle at latest 6 months follow up. Results: Bony union was achieved in 10 cases (union rate 83%). All the cases which achieved union had a significant improvement in radiological and clinical outcome criterias at 6-month follow-up interval. 1 patient had persistent non-union and 1 had k-wire back out with fixation failure. Conclusions: It is important to restore scaphoid length and to correct flexion deformity for a successful outcome. This can reliably be acheived by a carefully planned wedge-shaped iliac crest graft along with secure fixation with a headless compression screw.