Hollow sine breathers induced by initial wavefront curvature in nonlinear Schrödinger equation

Abstract

Based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we analytically investigate a hollow sine beam (HSB) with an initial wavefront curvature propagating in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media (SNNM). Analytical evolution expressions of the beam propagation, the size of beam spot and the wavefront curvature of HSBs are derived. It is found that an HSB with an initial wavefront curvature is always presented as a breather on propagation in SNNM. The breathing behavior is discussed in detail. Numerical simulations are also performed to illustrate the typical behaviors.