Sintering behavior and dielectric properties of Bi3+-substituted Nd(Zn0.5Ti0.5)O3 microwave ceramics

Abstract

The sintering behavior and dielectric properties of Bi[Formula: see text]-substituted Nd(Zn[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]O3 (abbreviated as NZT) microwave ceramics (Nd[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text])(Zn[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text])O3 [Formula: see text] (abbreviated as NBZT) are investigated. XRD results reveal the formation of single perovskite solid solutions for [Formula: see text] samples. For [Formula: see text] samples, pyrochlore phase begins to segregate from the perovskite phase and its volume fraction increases with [Formula: see text]. B-site Zn[Formula: see text]/Ti[Formula: see text] 1:1 long range order (LRO) is detected by Raman Spectroscopy. The degree of LRO varies as a function of sintering conditions and chemical composition. The microwave dielectric properties of the composition are measured. By substituting Bi[Formula: see text] for Nd[Formula: see text], the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency [Formula: see text] tunes toward zero, however, the microwave quality factor, [Formula: see text] deteriorates. For [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] reaches a minimum value of [Formula: see text] with relative permittivity of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. The effect of Bi-doping on the [Formula: see text] value is discussed.