Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline LaMnO3 modified BaTiO3 ferroelectric ceramics prepared by chemical route

Abstract

Nanocrystalline Ba[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]La[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O3, [[Formula: see text] = 0.006, 0.008, 0.01 and 0.05] (abbreviated hereafter as BTLM) by chemical route. The phase formation and purity were checked by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The grain morphology after sintering was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallite sizes range from 21 nm to 30 nm, while the particle size ranges between 27 nm and 38 nm. The grain size 212 nm and grain density 96.8% were found to be maximum for BTLM [Formula: see text] = 0.05 and [Formula: see text] = 0.01, respectively. The temperature dependence of dielectric constants was found to be more diffused and the peak value of the dielectric constant was decreased and more flat with the increase of the substituent concentration. The tangent loss was found to be decreased and reached to the minimum value of 0.032 for BTLM [Formula: see text] = 0.05. The remnant polarization [Formula: see text], was 10 [Formula: see text]C/cm2 for BTLM [Formula: see text] = 0.01.